{"id":23020,"date":"2023-12-21T02:59:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T13:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/goit.global\/?post_type=articles&#038;p=23020"},"modified":"2024-02-13T03:52:29","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T14:52:29","slug":"cum-sa-inveti-python-10-pasi-simpli","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/articles\/cum-sa-inveti-python-10-pasi-simpli\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi Python: 10 pa\u0219i simpli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data trecut\u0103 am discutat despre ce <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">este Python<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, unde este folosit \u0219i de ce este at\u00e2t de popular. Ast\u0103zi vom explora cum s\u0103-\u021bi abordezi \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea \u0219i cum s\u0103 faci procesul c\u00e2t mai eficient. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti interesat de acest limbaj de programare, r\u0103m\u00e2i cu noi. Avem un plan format din zece pa\u0219i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/da.w.goit.global\/ro\/?amp%3Butm_medium=mainsite&#038;amp%3Butm_campaign=button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><picture id=\"gb-banner-k2if7iktkbq\" class=\"gb-banner\" data-gb-banner=\"true\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033232\/1280-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1280px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033229\/1024-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033227\/768-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:768px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:480px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter gb-banner-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" alt=\"Banner GoIT\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 1: Stabile\u0219te-\u021bi scopul<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calea samurailor arat\u0103 doar dramatic \u0219i frumos \u00een filme. \u00cen via\u021ba real\u0103, pentru a atinge ceva, avem nevoie de un scop. G\u00e2nde\u0219te-te la ceea ce te motiveaz\u0103. Poate vrei s\u0103 creezi site-uri, jocuri, aplica\u021bii sau s\u0103 analizezi date. Este important s\u0103 g\u0103se\u0219ti ceva interesant, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea Python s\u0103 nu devin\u0103 ni\u0219te lec\u021bii \u0219colare plictisitoare de la care vrei s\u0103 fugi. De asemenea, lista de programe \u0219i instrumente pe care va trebui s\u0103 le \u00eenve\u021bi depinde de domeniul pe care \u00eel alegi. Planificarea este totul.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 2: Instaleaz\u0103 Python<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Da, chiar acum. Acceseaz\u0103 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">site-ul oficial<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i descarc\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 versiune Python din sec\u021biunea Downloads. Instalarea nu va dura mult. Dar acest lucru va demonstra hot\u0103r\u00e2rea ta de a schimba ceva \u0219i de a merge mai departe. \u00cen plus, \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea necesit\u0103 practic\u0103. Va fi interesant!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 3: Ai nevoie de un plan<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presupunem c\u0103 scopul t\u0103u este s\u0103 devii Dezvoltator Junior. Nu \u0219tim \u00een ce domeniu te-ai orientat (suntem siguri c\u0103 este ceva grozav). Prin urmare, vom enumera simplu ceea ce ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219tii:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sintax\u0103. Include \u00een\u021belegerea elementelor de baz\u0103 ale limbajului: tipuri de date, variabile, operatori, structuri de control \u0219i bucle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Module \u0219i func\u021bii. Trebuie s\u0103 po\u021bi crea \u0219i utiliza func\u021bii pentru organizarea codului \u0219i reutilizarea acestuia, precum \u0219i s\u0103 lucrezi cu module.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structuri de date. Este vorba despre dic\u021bionare, liste, seturi \u0219i tuple pentru stocarea \u0219i manipularea datelor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Programare orientat\u0103 pe obiecte. \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 principiile POO, cum ar fi obiecte, clase, \u00eencapsulare, polimorfism \u0219i mo\u0219tenire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lucrul cu fi\u0219iere. Cum s\u0103 deschizi, cite\u0219ti \u0219i scrii date \u00een fi\u0219iere, precum \u0219i lucrul cu diferite formate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gestionarea excep\u021biilor. \u00cen\u021belegerea modului de lucru cu excep\u021bii \u0219i abilitatea de a gestiona erorile \u00een program pentru o execu\u021bie mai sigur\u0103 a codului.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concepte de baz\u0103 ale algoritmilor \u0219i structurilor de date. Cuno\u0219tin\u021be despre no\u021biunile algoritmice de baz\u0103, cum ar fi sortarea, c\u0103utarea \u0219i traversarea structurilor de date.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lucra\u021bi cu biblioteci. \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 folose\u0219ti bibliotecile standard Python, precum random, math \u0219i datetime, precum \u0219i biblioteci ter\u021be populare: Pandas, NumPy \u0219i Flask. Exist\u0103 multe altele, \u0219i acestea sunt doar c\u00e2teva exemple.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citirea \u0219i \u00een\u021belegerea codului. Antreneaz\u0103-\u021bi abilitatea de a \u00een\u021belege \u0219i analiza nu doar propriul t\u0103u cod, ci \u0219i cel al dezvoltatorilor Python. Astfel, vei putea contribui la proiecte existente \u0219i aduce propriile idei.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bazele test\u0103rii. Principiile de baz\u0103 ale test\u0103rii software \u0219i scrierea de teste simple pentru a verifica func\u021bionalitatea codului.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aceasta este o list\u0103 general\u0103 a ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre limbajul de programare Python dac\u0103 e\u0219ti \u00eencep\u0103tor. Mai departe, va trebui s\u0103 te ad\u00e2nce\u0219ti \u00een aceste \u0219i alte concepte, s\u0103 explorezi noi tehnologii \u0219i instrumente.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 4: Cum s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi Python<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba Python singur sau urm\u00e2nd cursuri. Pe internet exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de informa\u021bii teoretice. Acest lucru poate fi \u00een acela\u0219i timp benefic \u0219i nu prea. Exist\u0103 riscul s\u0103 te pierzi \u00een toate acele videoclipuri \u0219i articole, s\u0103-\u021bi pierzi timpul \u0219i s\u0103 nu faci progrese semnificative. \u00cen plus, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 teorie, ai nevoie de practic\u0103 \u0219i de feedback.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cel mai bun mod de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba Python este s\u0103 urmezi un curs structurat cu mentori. Mentori vor putea s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la \u00eentreb\u0103rile tale \u0219i s\u0103-\u021bi explice cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 totul \u00een practic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen afar\u0103 de cursuri, po\u021bi folosi \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea autonom\u0103: videoclipuri, podcast-uri, bloguri, ghiduri etc. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre cele mai bune c\u0103r\u021bi despre Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00abLearn Python the Hard Way\u00bb (Zed A. Shaw) \u2013 carte excelent\u0103 pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori, cu exerci\u021bii practice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00abPython Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science\u00bb (John Zelle) \u2013 bazele program\u0103rii, structuri de date, algoritmi \u0219i alte subiecte importante.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00abAutomate the Boring Stuff with Python\u00bb (Al Sweigart) \u2013 dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 folose\u0219ti Python pentru automatizare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00abLearning Python\u00bb (Mark Lutz) \u2013 Introducere la programarea orientat\u0103 pe obiecte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00abPython Crash Course\u00bb (Eric Matthes) \u2013 acoper\u0103 conceptele de baz\u0103 ale limbajului, inclusiv func\u021biile, clasele, gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i sintaxa. Con\u021bine numeroase proiecte \u0219i exemple practice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0218i nu uita de limba englez\u0103. Este extrem de important\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 5: Elibereaz\u0103-\u021bi timpul<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi Python \u00een 2-3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni sau chiar c\u00e2teva luni nu este posibil. La GoIT, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cursul <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dureaz\u0103 10 luni \u0219i necesit\u0103 aproximativ 15 ore de studiu pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103. Cu toate acestea, vei ob\u021bine toate cuno\u0219tin\u021bele necesare, sprijinul mentorilor \u0219i 3 proiecte preg\u0103tite (iar f\u0103r\u0103 un portofoliu nu vei ajunge nic\u0103ieri).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/da.w.goit.global\/ro\/?amp%3Butm_medium=mainsite&#038;amp%3Butm_campaign=button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><picture id=\"gb-banner-1qqzwtqbjsn\" class=\"gb-banner\" data-gb-banner=\"true\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033232\/1280-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1280px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033229\/1024-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033227\/768-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:768px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:480px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter gb-banner-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" alt=\"Banner GoIT\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 6: Exerseaz\u0103<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practica este un aspect cheie \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea Python pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori \u0219i reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 70% din succes. Scrie programe mici \u0219i verific\u0103-le pentru a te asigura c\u0103 ruleaz\u0103 corect. Rezolv\u0103 sarcini \u0219i \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 automatizezi rutina. Scrie un joc \u00een Python sau o aplica\u021bie care analizeaz\u0103 informa\u021bii de pe re\u021belele sociale atunci c\u00e2nd ai suficiente cuno\u0219tin\u021be. Sau un script pentru backup automat al fi\u0219ierelor. Exist\u0103 multe op\u021biuni &#8211; g\u0103se\u0219te ce \u00ee\u021bi place<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cencearc\u0103 s\u0103 scrii cod curat \u0219i bine organizat. Folose\u0219te nume de variabile \u0219i func\u021bii clare, \u00eemparte codul \u00een blocuri logice \u0219i respect\u0103 standardele Python (PEP8, de exemplu).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 7: Comunic\u0103 cu colegii<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen jurul limbajului Python s-a format o comunitate uria\u0219\u0103 de dezvoltatori din \u00eentreaga lume. Exist\u0103 multe forumuri tematice unde po\u021bi ob\u021bine sfaturi, g\u0103si informa\u021bii interesante sau discuta pe diverse subiecte. De asemenea, comunic\u0103 cu colegii de curs pentru motivare suplimentar\u0103, particip\u0103 la webinare \u0219i workshop-uri. Este important s\u0103 existe un mediu de sus\u021binere din partea persoanelor cu aceea\u0219i g\u00e2ndire.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 8: Creeaz\u0103 un proiect<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acesta poate fi o aplica\u021bie, un joc, o inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 simpl\u0103 \u00een Python sau o unealt\u0103 pentru analiz\u0103 de date. Cu c\u00e2t ai mai multe exemple \u00een portofoliu, cu at\u00e2t mai bine. Po\u021bi colabora cu al\u021bi studen\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 scrie\u021bi ceva \u00eempreun\u0103. De aceea, pe cursurile noastre exist\u0103 proiecte reale pe care le po\u021bi prezenta viitorului angajator.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 9: Studiaz\u0103 exemple de cod<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cite\u0219te \u0219i analizeaz\u0103 codul \u00een Python pentru a \u00een\u021belege cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 sau pentru a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba noi concepte \u0219i tehnici de programare. Caut\u0103 sursele deschise ale proiectelor \u0219i vezi ce metode \u0219i func\u021bii folosesc dezvoltatorii experimenta\u021bi pentru a atinge anumite obiective.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pasul 10: Nu te opri niciodat\u0103<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Python este un limbaj \u00een continu\u0103 dezvoltare, a\u0219a c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2i curios \u0219i nu \u00eenceta s\u0103-l \u00eenve\u021bi, descoperind noi instrumente \u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bi. Experimenteaz\u0103, pune \u00eentreb\u0103ri, caut\u0103 solu\u021bii optime \u0219i devino un programator grozav.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acum \u0219tii mai multe despre Python. \u00cen urm\u0103torul articol vom discuta despre activit\u0103\u021bile <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dezvoltatorilor<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile de care au nevoie. Nu-\u021bi fie fric\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eencepi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi, avem \u00eencredere \u00een tine!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/da.w.goit.global\/ro\/?amp%3Butm_medium=mainsite&#038;amp%3Butm_campaign=button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><picture id=\"gb-banner-3rab2jxi3tl\" class=\"gb-banner\" data-gb-banner=\"true\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033232\/1280-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1280px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033229\/1024-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033227\/768-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:768px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" media=\"(min-width:480px)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter gb-banner-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web-dev-goit.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13033225\/480-DA-RO.png\" alt=\"Banner GoIT\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ast\u0103zi vom explora cum s\u0103-\u021bi abordezi \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea \u0219i cum s\u0103 faci procesul c\u00e2t mai eficient. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti interesat de acest limbaj de programare, r\u0103m\u00e2i cu noi. Avem un plan format din zece pa\u0219i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":23021,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23020","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles\/23020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articles"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.goit.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}